Ethnic And Ethnonymic Systems In Pantoporonymia And The Patterns Of Ethnonym Nomination

Abstract

The article analyzes ethnic and ethnonymic systems simultaneously in space and time, that is, from the perspective of pantopochrony, using Turkic ethnonyms as examples. Skeptical views that developed in Soviet-period onomastics regarding the etymology of ethnonyms and their ideological roots are examined. On the basis of historical-linguistic, comparative-typological, and phonomorphological analysis, the ethnomorphemes -en, -az, -ay, and -ab, expressing the meaning “person” or “people”, are identified. Two forms of typological universality in ethnonymy, namely autonyms with positive semantics and exonyms with negative semantics, are substantiated. The phenomena of seriality, binomination, and transonymization are described, and twelve patterns of ethnonym nomination are formulated. The results may serve as a methodological basis for the etymological interpretation of ancient ethnonyms whose meanings have become obscure. The research material also includes an analysis of the ethnonym Kurama in the territory of Uzbekistan and ethnotoponyms containing a Kazakh component